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| redwood | pro builders | tech talk | extractives part 4

u n d e r s t a n d i n g
e x t r a c t i v e
b l e e d i n g
p a r t   4

p a r t   1

introduction

description
of the
problem

causes of
discoloration

p a r t   2

products used and
their performance
expectations

general

solid wood siding

veneered sidings

coatings

clear water repellents

stains

paints and primers

varnishes

test methods

evaluating stain
resistance of finishes

evaluating types
of discolorations

field hints

prevention of
extractive stains

correction of
existing
discolorations

water soluble
extractives

pitch and resins

p a r t   3

state-of-the-art extractive blocking finishes

non-film-forming finishes

film-forming finishes

research needs

conclusions/summary

p a r t   4

literature sources cited

further sources of information

bibliography of
publications on extractives in wood 

l i t e r a t u r e   s o u r c e s 
c i t e d

(1) Williams, R. Sam, Winandy, Jerrold E., Feist, William C., "Paint Adhesion to Weathered Wood". Journal of Coatings Technology. 59, No. 749. 43 (1987).

(2) Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA, 19105

(3) Espeut, K., Marschall, D., Marschall, F., and Stewart, F., "Investigation of Latex Stain Blocking Primers on  Wood Substrates". Paper submitted to Southern Society for Coating Technology Technical Committee. 41 pp. (1987).

(4) Feist, W.C. "Wood surface treatments to prevent extractive staining of paints". Forest Products Journal. Volume 27, No. 5. 50 (1977).

(5) Rohm and Haas Company. "Rhoplex MV-23 Emulsion - Waterborn acrylic vehicle for wood primers and stain blocking sealers". Trade Sales. Rohm and Hass Company, Philadelphia (1985).

f u r t h e r   s o u r c e s 
o f   i n f o r m a t i o n

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory. One Gifford Pinchot Drive. Madison, WI 53705

1. Cassens, D.L., and Feist, W.C., "Finishing wood exteriors. Selection, application, maintenance" USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook, No. 647. U.S. Government Printing Office: 1986, 483-399. 56 pp. (1986).

2. Feist, W.C., "Finishing of wood." Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, Agriculture Handbook 72. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Chapter 16, 29 pp. (1987).

3. Gorman, T.M., and Feist, W.C., "Chronicle of 65 years of wood finishing research at the Forest Products  Laboratory." USDA Forest Service General Technical Report FPL-GTR-60, 81 pp. (1989).

4. Rowe, J.W. and Conner, A.H., "Extractives in eastern hardwoods - A review." USDA Forest Service General Technical Report FPL 18, 66 pp. (1979).

5. Sherrard, E.C., and Kurth, E.F., "The crystalline coloring compounds in redwood extract." USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Report R987, (1933).

American Plywood Association. P.O. Box 11700. Tacoma, WA 98411

1. "Staining of Finishes from Water-Soluble Wood Extractives"

Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology., 492 Norristown Road, Blue Bell, PA 19422-2350

National Paint & Coatings Association.1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005

American Forest & Paper Association.1250 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036

1. "Finishing Exterior Wood Products"

California Redwood Association. 405 Enfrente Drive, Suite 200. Novato, CA 94949

1. "Redwood Exterior Finishes"

2. "Painting Exterior Redwood"

3. "Color Restoration of Redwood Siding and Decks"

4. "Deck Grades, Nails and Finishes"

Western Red Cedar Lumber Association. 1200-555 Burrard Street. Vancouver, B.C. Canada V7X 1S7

1. "Siding and Paneling Western Red Cedar"

2. "Finishing Concepts - Western Red Cedar" Western Wood Products Association. 522 S.W. 5th Avenue. Portland, OR 97204

1. "Exposed Cedar"

2. "Siding Basics"

3. "Lumber Storage"

4. "Natural Wood Siding – Selection, Installation &  Finishing"

b i b l i o g r a p h y   o f 
p u b l i c a t i o n s    o n 
e x t r a c t i v e s   i n   w o o d 

Anderson, A. B., "The influence of extractives on tree properties." Journal of the Institute of Wood Science, No. 8, September, 14-34, (1961).

Anderson, A. B., Ellwood, E. L., Zavarin, E. and Erickson, R. W. "Influence of extractives on seasoning stain of redwood lumber." Forest Products Journal. 10(4): 212-218. (1960).

Anderson, A. B., and Fearing, W. B., "Distribution of extractives in solvent seasoned redwood lumber." Forest Products Journal., 11(5): 240-242. (1961).

Barton, G. M., "Wood chemistry of western conifers: Questions and answers." Environment Canada, Forestry Service, Information Report, VP-X-106. (1973)

Barton, G. M., and Gardner, J. A. F., "The chemical nature of the acetone extractives of western red cedar." Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada, 55(10): 132-7. (1954).

Barton, G. M., and MacDonald, B.F., "The chemistry and utilization of western red cedar." Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Canadian Forestry Service, Publication No. 1023, Information Canada, Ottawa, Catalogue No. Fo 47-1023. (1971).

Cassens, D. L., and Feist, W. C., "Wood finishing: Discoloration of house paint—causes and cures." North Central Regional Extension Publication No. 134. (1980 - revised 1988).

Cassens, D. L., and Feist, W. C., "Finishing wood exteriors. Selection, application, and maintenance." USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook, No. 647. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI. U.S. Government Printing Office: 1986-483-399. 56 pp. (1986).

Feist, W. C., "Wood surface treatments to prevent extractive staining of paints." Forest Products Journal, 27 (5): 50-54. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Chapter 16, 29 pp. (1977)

Fracheboud, M., Rowe, J. W., Scott, R. W., Fanega, S. M., Buhl, A. F. and Toda, J. K.,"New sesquiterpenes from yellow wood of slippery elm." Forest Products Journal, 18(2): 37-40. (1968).

Gardner, J. A. F., "The chemistry and utilization of western red cedar." Department of Forestry Canada, Publication No. 1023. 26 pp. (1963).

Gorman, T. M., and Feist, W. C., "Chronicle of 65 years of wood finishing research at the Forest Products Laboratory." USDA Forest Service General Technical Report FPL-GTR-60, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI. 81 pp. (1989)

Hillis, W. E., "Forever amber: A story of the secondary wood components". Wood Science and Technology, 20: 203-227.(1986).

Huff, R. H., "Chemistry of painting surfaces from earliest time to unfathomable future—With hints of prophesy." Journal of Paint Technology, 46(588): 62-73. (1974).

Leslie, J.C., Kicker, H. G. and Vasterling, W. "Cedar shake stain discoloration: A major construction problem." Official Digest, 236-239. (1957).

Levitin, N., "Extractives of red and white pine and their effect on painted lumber." Timber of Canada, June, 66-71. (1962).

MacLean, H., "Influences of basic chemical research on western red cedar utilization." Forest Products Journal, 20(2): 48-51. (1970).

MacLean, H., and Gardner, J.A.F., "Distribution of fungicidal extractives (Thujaplicin and water-soluble phenols) in western red cedar heartwood." Forest Products Journal, 6 (12): 510-516. (1956).

McGinnes, E. A., Jr., and Dingeldein, T. W., "Effect of light, extraction, and storage on color and tackiness of clear-finished easternred cedar." Forest Products Journal, 21(1): 53-60. (1971).

Rowe, J. W. and Conner, A.H., "Extractives in eastern hardwoods - A review." USDA Forest Service General Technical Report FPL 18. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI. 66 pp. (1979).

Rowe, J. W., Seikel, M. K., Roy, D. N. and Jorgensen, E. "Chemo­taxonomy of Ulmus". Phytochemistry, 11: 2513-2517 (1972).

Sherrard, E. C., and Kurth, E. F., "1928. Occurrence of pinite in redwood." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(7): 722. (1928).

Sherrard, E. C., and Kurth, E. F., "Sequoyite, a cyclose from redwood." Journal of the American Chemical Society, October 5, 1929. (1929)

Sherrard, E. C., and Kurth, E. F., "Distribution of extractive in redwood: Its relation to durability." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 25(3): 300-301 (1933).

Sherrard, E. C., and Kurth, E. F., "The crystalline coloring compounds in redwood extract." USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Report R987, Madison, WI. (1933).

Swan, E. P., Jiang, K. S., and Gardner, J. A., "The lignans of Thuja plicata and the sapwood-heartwood transformation." Phytochemistry, 8: 345-351. (1969)

Swan, E. P., and Jiang, K. S., "Formation of heartwood extractives in Thuja plicata." Phytochemistry. (1969).

Tarkow, H., and Krueger, J., "Distribution of hot-water soluble material in cell walls and cavities of redwood." Forest Products Journal, May, 228. (1961).

Joint Coatings/Forest Products Committee Extractive Discoloration Task Group:

Vernon Donegan The Glidden Company, Strongsville, OH

Jeffrey Fantozzi, Chairman Western Wood Products Association, Portland, OR

Charles Jourdain California Redwood Association, Novato, CA

Keith Kersell Pacific Lumber Company, Mill Valley, CA

Alex Migdal DeSoto, Inc., Des Plaines, IL

Robert Springate Tru-Test Manufacturing Co., Chicago, IL

James Tooley Weyerhaeuser Company, Tacoma, WA

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